Riboflavin along with antibiotics balances reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines and controls Staphylococcus aureus infection by boosting murine macrophage function and regulates inflammation

Table 2 Determination of H₂O₂, Superoxide anion and nitric oxide (NO) released from different control sets

Groups	H₂O₂ (μM/10⁶cell)			Superoxide anion (nM/10⁶cells)			Nitric oxide (mM/10⁶cells)
Groups	30MINS	60MINS	90MINS	30MINS	60MINS	90MINS	30MINS	60MINS	90MINS
Control Mφ	0.85 ± 0.05	0.17 ± 0.03	0.24 ± 0.02	1.25 ± 0.004	0.90 ± 0.002	0.91 ± 0.002	0.69 ± 0.002	0.71 ± 0.001	0.53 ± 0.018
Control Mφ + RIBO	1.16 ± 0.1^a	2.41 ± 0.05^a	2.51 ± 0.08	1.7 ± 0.06^a	1.96 ± 0.01^a	2.31 ± 0.0^a	0.530 ± 0.018	0.45 ± 0.00^a	0.40 ± 0.001
Control Mφ + AZM	0.77 ± 0.01	0.53 ± 0.01^a	0.17 ± 0.03	1.16 ± 0.12	1.58 ± 0.02^a	2.07 ± 0.002^a	0.32 ± 0.017^a	0.53 ± 0.01	0.77 ± 0.01^a
Control Mφ + CIP	1.16 ± 0.1^a	1.54 ± 0.02^a	1.90 ± 0.08^a	1.25 ± 0.004	0.96 ± 0.01	2.15 ± 0.02^a	0.72 ± 0.002^a	0.85 ± .0.05	0.913 ± 0.01^a

H₂O₂, superoxide anion and NO were determined from the control macrophages either alone or in combination with RIBO, AZM or CIP. Results were shown as mean ± SD of three independent experiments
CM Control macrophage, CM + RIBO Riboflavin pre-treated Control macrophage, AZM + CM Azithromycin pretreated control macrophage, CIP + CM Ciprofloxacin pretreated control macrophage
^asignificant difference with respect to CM

ISSN: 1476-9255